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The Linear Pottery culture is a major archaeological horizon of the European Neolithic, flourishing ''circa'' 5500–4500 BC. It is abbreviated as LBK (from (ドイツ語:Linearbandkeramik)), and is also known as the Linear Band Ware, Linear Ware, Linear Ceramics or Incised Ware culture, and falls within the Danubian I culture of V. Gordon Childe. The densest evidence for the culture is on the middle Danube, the upper and middle Elbe, and the upper and middle Rhine. It represents a major event in the initial spread of agriculture in Europe. The pottery after which it was named consists of simple cups, bowls, vases, and jugs, without handles, but in a later phase with lugs or pierced lugs, bases, and necks.〔 Important sites include Nitra in Slovakia; Bylany in the Czech Republic; Langweiler and Zwenkau in Germany; Brunn am Gebirge in Austria; Elsloo, Sittard, Köln-Lindenthal, Aldenhoven, Flomborn, and Rixheim on the Rhine; Lautereck and Hienheim on the upper Danube; and Rössen and Sonderhausen on the middle Elbe. Two variants of the early Linear Pottery culture are recognized: * The Early or Western Linear Pottery Culture developed on the middle Danube, including western Hungary, and was carried down the Rhine, Elbe, Oder, and Vistula. * The Eastern Linear Pottery Culture flourished in eastern Hungary. Middle and late phases are also defined. In the middle phase, the Early Linear Pottery culture intruded upon the Bug-Dniester culture and began to manufacture musical note pottery. In the late phase, the Stroked Pottery culture moved down the Vistula and Elbe. A number of cultures ultimately replaced the Linear Pottery culture over its range, but without a one-to-one correspondence between its variants and the replacing cultures. The culture map, instead, is complex. Some of the successor cultures are the Hinkelstein, Großgartach, Rössen, Lengyel, Cucuteni-Trypillian, and Boian-Maritza cultures. ==Name== The term "Linear Band Ware" derives from the pottery's decorative technique. The "Band Ware" or ''Bandkeramik'' part of it began as an innovation of the German archaeologist, Friedrich Klopfleisch (1831–1898).〔Klopfleisch (1882), ''Die Grabhügel von Leubingen, Sömmerda und Nienstädt'', in the ''Voraufgehend: allgemeine Einleitung'', section entitled ''Charakteristik und Zeitfolge der Keramik.'' Brief recognition of his authorship is given in English by Fagan, Brian Murray (1996), ''The Oxford Companion to Archaeology'', Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-507618-4 page 84.〕 The earliest generally accepted name in English was the Danubian of V. Gordon Childe. Most names in English are attempts to translate ''Linearbandkeramik''. Since Starčevo-Körös pottery was earlier than the LBK and was located in a contiguous food-producing region, the early investigators looked for precedents there. Much of the Starčevo-Körös pottery features decorative patterns composed of convolute bands of paint: spirals, converging bands, vertical bands, and so on. The LBK appears to imitate and often improve these convolutions with incised lines; hence the term, linear, to distinguish painted band ware from incised band ware. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Linear Pottery culture」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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